zenith angle

As expected , the measured brightness temperatures change with view zenith angle , view azimuth angle , and the Sun position .

地面亮度温度的测量值随观测天顶角、方位角和太阳位置而改变。

Some results of high energy cosmic ray , such as the zenith angle distribution , the decay length in the air , the energy spectrum and the vertical intensity of hadron and γ - ray have been presented .

由此给出了天顶角分布、大气中衰减长度、积分能谱和垂向流强等，为研究宇宙线超高能相互作用提供了信息。

Dependence of infrared emissivity on view zenith angle for natural ground surfaces

地面热红外发射率的天顶角变化效应

The results show that the detectable stellar magnitude limits linearly increase with observing height and solar zenith angle .

结果表明：可探测星等极限值随观测高度和太阳天顶角的增加接近线性增加；

G silicon carbide waterproof abrasive paper were made within the - 15 ° - 55 ° of reflectance zenith angle .

G防水研磨金刚砂在反射天顶角-15°～55°范围进行了测试研究。

The results are as follows : ( 1 ) Solar incident angle , especially zenith angle can change the shape of BRDF .

具体研究结果如下：（1）太阳入射角度，特别是太阳天顶角能改变水体二向反射分布函数的形状。

When the sun zenith angle is small , a less angular sampling interval in zenith angle is needed in the hot spot area .

而当太阳天顶角较小时，必须在热点方向附近减小角度采样间隔。

Daily variations of UV B radiation are greatly controlled by the solar zenith angle ( SZA ), ozone and the sky conditions .

云和太阳高度角控制着UV－B辐射通量日变化过程。

Along with the increase of the zenith angle and height above ground of an optical transmitter , the extent of the time-averaging effect decreases .

随着接收终端离地高度和天顶角的增大，大气闪烁时间平滑作用降低。

The main leaf zenith angle distributions were horizontal and the most leaf azimuth angles were leaning to the south . Application of Azimuth in Orienteering

叶倾角分布主要以水平叶为主；按方位角行进在定向越野中的应用

In the condition of higher percentage of the direct sunlight , the difference of the mean cosine of different zenith angle is inversed with the wind speed .

太阳直射光比例越高，在风速越小时，不同太阳天顶角情况下的水体表层下行光场平均余弦的差别越大，而风速越大，其差别越小。

The scattering phase function is represented by means of the analytic Henyey-Green stein function with an asymmetry factor dependent on the incident zenith angle .

散射相函数由解析的Henyey-Greenstein函数表示，其不对称因子也与入射天顶角有关。

Base on these calculations and the surface meteorological parameters , the local year and month correction models of dry delay at the zenith angle of 0 are established by statistical methods .

在此资料基础上，利用地面气象要素建立了大气干延迟的年和分月局地订正模型。

The analysis of spherically layering calculated results shows that the variation of atmospheric path delay ( especially wet term ) with zenith angle obeys well the secant law .

分析大气球面分层的计算结果可见，干、湿项订正值随卫星天项角（≤75°）的变化可以很好地用Secant律来表示。

In this paper , based on the analysis of these characteristics , attenuation and turbulence models are established , and the dependence of slant path link on the zenith angle is discussed .

在分析临近空间激光信道的特殊性的基础上，应用信道衰减和湍流模型，探讨斜程信道随天顶角的变化规律。

The solutions describe stokes intensity as a function of inter pulse spacing , distance and zenith angle in a uniform medium and in nonuniform medium ( atmosphere ) .

给出了在均匀介质和非均匀介质（实际大气）情况下的斯托克斯光强随脉冲间隔、传输距离和天顶角变化的函数关系。

Albedo is bigger over Gobi site than that over Oasis site . Variation of albedo with solar zenith angle is mainly caused by near-infrared albedo .

绿洲上的反射率小于戈壁上的，戈壁上反射率随太阳天顶角的变化主要是由近红外波段反射率随太阳天顶角的变化引起的；

As illustrated in our sensitivity study and demonstrated in real measurements , the transmittance ratio at selected wavelengths is insensitive to solar zenith angle and major atmospheric gaseous absorption .

敏感性试验和实际观测表明，所选择波段的透射比对太阳天顶角和主要的大气气体吸收是不敏感的。

On the ' hot spot ', the NDVI is minimum , and it will increase around the ' hot spot ' with the increase of view azimuth or solar zenith angle ;

NDVI在‘热点’处获得最小值，在‘热点’两侧随观测天顶角或太阳天顶角的增加而增加；

When the water surface is not in thermal stabilization and the view zenith angle is less than 60 ° the angular dependency of water emissivity does not appear in the field measurements .

而在平静水面的观测中，当水面未处于辐射热平衡状态时，在观测天顶角小于60°时，没有观测到发射辐射的角度效应。

When using a single reference to measure the bi-directional scattering distribution function ( BSDF ), the incident zenith angle of the tested sample must be identical to that of the reference .

采用单一参考测量双向散射分布函数时，要求被测试样与参考标准的入射天顶角必须相同。

The required input to the parameterization includes precipitable water , concentration of carbon dioxide amount , ozone amount , cloud amount , cloud visible optical depth , solar zenith angle and surface albedo .

计算所需要的输入变量有：大气可降水量，二氧化碳含量，臭氧总量，云量，云的光学厚度，太阳天顶角，地表反射率。

The distribution of the starting point depths of the observed showers is given . The zenith angle distribution , vertical intensity , energy spectrum and attenuation length of hadrons in air and in iron are presented .

给出了簇射事例的起始点分布，大气宇宙线高能强子的天顶角分布、垂向流强、积分能谱及其在大气和铁中的衰减长度。

There exist negative correlation between the optical thickness of effective radiation layer and the droplet effective radius near cloud top , solar zenith angle and satellite zenith angle , not obvious for the relative azimuth angle .

有效辐射层的光学厚度与云上层有效粒子半径、太阳天顶角、卫星天顶角等因素呈反相关，与相对方位角无必然联系。

The effects of the atmospheric refraction index structure constant , zenith angle , focal distance , beam topological charge , turbulence outer scale , etc. on the intensity distribution and spatial coherence on the receiver were studied for above-mentioned different types of beams with detail .

分析了大气折射率结构常数、天顶角、焦距、光束拓扑荷和湍流外尺度等因素对上述不同特性激光束接收面光强分布和空间相干性的影响。

When the AOD value is greater than 1 with high solar zenith angle (> 60 °), the relative error can reach-40 % . Satellite observations are an effective way to provide a regional coverage of aerosol optical depth and monitor the occurrence and evolution of dust storm .

当光学厚度大于1并且太阳天顶角较大时（60°），误差能达到-40%。卫星观测是提供全球气溶胶光学厚度分布以及监测沙尘发生的有效途径。

For the moderately degraded grasslands , if plant crown height-to-width ratio ( chw ) was invariant , when 45 °≤ solar zenith angle ( sza )≤ 75 °, no significant differences occurred in scene reflectance ( R ) for different plant crown shapes ;

对于中度退化草地，在高度与冠幅之比（chw）不变的情况下，当45°≤太阳天顶角sza≤75°时，不同几何形状植株的总反射率之间无显著差异；

In this paper , experimental formulae of the critical frequencies of the E-layer in mid-latitudes and of the distribution of electron density in the lower ionosphere are found . These formulae are expressed in terms of the sunspots number , the solar zenith angle and the local time .

本文给出了计算中纬E层临界频率（f（0E））和低电离层的电子密度分布与太阳天顶角、太阳黑子数、地方时之间关系的经验公式。